LIB 20.7%
Incumbent MP
Tim James, since 2022.
- Geography
- Redistribution
- History
- Candidate summary
- Assessment
- 2019 results
- Booth breakdown
- Results maps
Geography
Lower North Shore of Sydney. The seat covers all of the City of Willoughby and small parts of North Sydney local government area. The seat covers the suburbs of Chatswood, Willoughby, Middle Cove, Northbridge, Naremburn, Crows Nest, Castle Cove, Cammeray and parts of Lane Cove North, St Leonards and Gore Hill.
Redistribution
Willoughby expanded in two directions, taking in Castle Cove from Davidson, and part of St Leonards and Gore Hill from Lane Cove. These changes reduced the Liberal margin from 21.0% to 20.7%.
The seat of Willoughby was first created in 1894. It was abolished for three elections in the 1920s and again for the 1988 election, but has existed at every other election. The seat has been dominated by the Liberal Party and its predecessors.
The seat was won in 1927 by Edward Sanders, an independent Nationalist. He joined the Nationalist Party and then the United Australia Party, and held the seat until his death in 1943.
The 1943 by-election was won by George Brain. He held the seat until his retirement in 1968.
Laurie McGinty won Willoughby for the Liberal Party in 1968. He served as a minister from 1973 to 1976. McGinty was defeated for preselection in 1978 by Nick Greiner. McGinty ran as an independent, and directed preferences to the ALP. The seat was won by Labor candidate Eddie Britt.
Britt was defeated in 1981 by the Liberal Party’s Peter Collins. He was re-elected in 1984. In 1988, Willoughby was renamed “Middle Harbour”, and Collins won the renamed seat. He became a minister following the 1988 election, moving up in the ranks to become Treasurer in 1993. In 1991, Middle Harbour was renamed Willoughby again.
When the Coalition lost power in 1995, Collins was elected Leader of the Opposition. He did not lead his party to an election, being replaced by Kerry Chikarovski in December 1998. He was re-elected to Willoughby in 1999 and retired in 2003.
Willoughby was won in 2003 by Gladys Berejiklian. She defeated independent Willoughby mayor Pat Reilly by only 144 votes. She was re-elected in 2007, 2011 and 2015.
Berejiklian became Transport Minister when the Coalition took power in 2011. She became deputy Liberal leader in 2014, and Treasurer in 2015.
Berejiklian became Premier and Liberal leader in January 2017. She led the government to a third term in 2019 and continued in her role until October 2021, when she resigned after the announcement of an ICAC inquiry.
The 2022 Willoughby by-election was won by Liberal candidate Tim James.
Assessment
Willoughby could be vulnerable to the right independent.
Candidate | Party | Votes | % | Swing | Redist |
Gladys Berejiklian | Liberal | 27,292 | 57.0 | -6.5 | 56.9 |
Justin Reiss | Labor | 6,875 | 14.4 | -1.5 | 14.7 |
Daniel Keogh | Greens | 5,342 | 11.2 | -4.7 | 11.4 |
Larissa Penn | Independent | 4,742 | 9.9 | +9.9 | 9.1 |
Tom Crowley | Keep Sydney Open | 1,403 | 2.9 | +2.9 | 3.0 |
Emma Bennett | Animal Justice | 1,040 | 2.2 | +2.2 | 2.0 |
Greg Graham | Sustainable Australia | 779 | 1.6 | +1.6 | 1.7 |
Meow-Ludo Meow-Meow | Flux | 384 | 0.8 | +0.8 | 0.7 |
Others | 0.4 | ||||
Informal | 934 | 1.9 |
2019 two-party-preferred result
Candidate | Party | Votes | % | Swing | Redist |
Gladys Berejiklian | Liberal | 29,142 | 71.0 | -3.4 | 70.7 |
Justin Reiss | Labor | 11,885 | 29.0 | +3.4 | 29.3 |
2022 by-election result
Candidate | Party | Votes | % | Swing |
Tim James | Liberal | 18,949 | 43.5 | -13.5 |
Larissa Penn | Independent | 12,920 | 29.7 | +19.8 |
Lynne Saville | Greens | 5,892 | 13.5 | +2.4 |
Penny Hackett | Reason | 2,576 | 5.9 | +5.9 |
William Bourke | Sustainable Australia | 2,122 | 4.9 | +3.2 |
Samuel Gunning | Liberal Democrats | 1,104 | 2.5 | +2.5 |
Informal | 697 | 1.6 |
2022 by-election two-party-preferred result
Candidate | Party | Votes | % | Swing |
Tim James | Liberal | 19,886 | 53.3 | -20.5 |
Larissa Penn | Independent | 17,421 | 46.7 | +20.5 |
Booths in Willoughby have been split into three parts: north-east, south-east and west.
At the 2019 election, the Liberal Party won a majority of the two-party-preferred vote in all three areas, ranging from 69.0% in the west to 74.4% in the north-east.
The Greens came third, with a primary vote ranging from 10.6% in the south-east to 13.1% in the west.
At the 2022 by-election, the Liberal Party won the two-candidate-preferred vote in two out of three areas, with 51.9% in the north-east and 57% in the west. Independent candidate Larissa Penn polled 55% in the south-east.
The Greens came third, with a primary vote ranging from just under 10% in the south-east and north-east to 16% in the west.
2019 booth breakdown
Voter group | GRN prim | LIB 2PP | Total votes | % of votes |
South-East | 10.6 | 70.2 | 14,130 | 27.0 |
West | 13.1 | 69.0 | 10,336 | 19.8 |
North-East | 11.3 | 74.4 | 10,221 | 19.5 |
Other votes | 11.9 | 68.7 | 12,104 | 23.2 |
Pre-poll | 9.0 | 72.1 | 5,490 | 10.5 |
2022 by-election booth breakdown
Voter group | GRN prim | IND 2CP | Total votes | % of votes |
South-East | 9.8 | 45.0 | 5,478 | 12.6 |
North-East | 9.7 | 51.9 | 3,508 | 8.1 |
West | 16.1 | 57.0 | 3,408 | 7.8 |
Other votes | 14.6 | 54.4 | 26,020 | 59.7 |
Pre-poll | 12.9 | 55.9 | 5,149 | 11.8 |
Election results in Willoughby at the 2019 NSW state election
Toggle between two-party-preferred votes and primary votes for the Liberal Party, Labor, the Greens and independent candidate Larissa Penn.
Election results at the 2022 Willoughby by-election
Toggle between two-candidate-preferred votes (Liberal vs Independent) and primary votes for the Liberal Party, independent candidate Larissa Penn and the Greens.
@Insider my view is that the local anger in Northbridge, Cammeray, Naremburn etc remains red-hot about the tunnel. One thing I didn’t appreciate until recently is that the amenity of Northbridge residents will be greatly diminished because their speedy access point to the city via the freeway and Flat Rock Gully Road will be lost to them because of the tunnel. Northbridge is second only to Mosman on the north shore for exclusivity and routinely gave Hockey and Zimmerman their best 2pp results at booths (other than hunters hill). Penn HALVED the 2pp for the Libs at the two Northbridge booths at the byelection and won Naremburn with almost 70% 2pp! Maybe Labor will gain ground in Naremburn, which is the closest thing the north shore has to a slither of the inner west, but Northbridge? I think that’s a bridge too far. This electorate is so much more affluent than when Pat Reilly (whose vote was a strange Labor Right / Liberal right hybrid) ran Gladys close in 2003. There’s not as much of a Labor vote but the wealth means there is the potential for a latent progressive vote. Simon Homes a Court should have held his nose on Penn’s social views and backed her, hard. If I were Labor I’d have agreed to not run a candidate provided Penn’s people handed out HTVs recommending vote 1 Penn and vote 1 in the Leg Council.
But what do I know?!
The big raw problem for the Libs is that their comms strategy for the tunnel was “Gladys will be able to wave it through with the locals for us” except that when ICAC, Big Daz etc emerged, and she had to go, that strategy had to go. The intellectually honest thing would be to say (whether you agree or not) would have been: “Sydney is a city of 6 million people, we need to make it easier to get from the beaches to the city, inner west and beyond, and so we are looking to you suburbs that touch or rely on the freeway to again carry the burden for enduring both the construction and operation of this tunnel for the greater good of the people living around you, even if you don’t benefit”. But the Libs didn’t because the MPs weren’t willing to defy their friends/colleagues in the cabinet and take an independent line. James tried to do that, but too late and without sincerity. His North Shore preselection advantage meant being very strongly pro-tunnel. Great for Mosman and Cremorne Point, but sucks for Naremburn and Cammeray. That’s the issue.
@David Walsh – no, I did not misinterpreted what Kevin Bonham is saying. My point was that if Penn is to do well on Primary vote much of the support will come from tactical voting – but Bonham is saying there is little justification for it.
Opinions on Teal chances (Penn is not a Teal by the way) and the argument for tactical voting are basically inter-related – that was a key takeaway from the Federal election. I am told that the Teal IND in North Shore was pushing the tactical voting message hard on the weekend
Who decides what a “teal” is though? The Climate 200 organisation? To me a “teal” is an anti-Liberal female independent running in an affluent electorate. What a “teal” actually believes in themselves is less important than doing whatever is necessary to achieve their electoral objective of success as an independent. Otherwise they’re effectively in a political party.
Effectively a let leaning candidates who pretend to conservative so they can get elected and gets financial backing from climate 200 because they can’t find a decent campaign any other way since they’re not a member of the greens of labor party. They run in liberal electorates which are well off because people there don’t care about cost of living increases and can afford these ridiculous policies
So :), someone that is actually conservative but pretends to be left leaning is not a Teal then? Hughie basically says above that Penn has social views so conservative that SaC would have had to hold his nose to back her.
To be credibly labelled a Teal you need to have the support/endorsement of the local “Voices of” group or something like North Sydney’s IND, or be backed by Climate200 – and Penn has neither. So I don’t think it a stretch to say she not a Teal . I saw on he weekend the Guardian referred to both her and Michael Regan in Wakehurst as IND outside the Teal grouping.
I wouldn’t label every female independent candidate running in a safe Liberal seat a “Teal” nor would I label teals a party though they may act like one. It’s a loosely-aligned group of candidates that has the backing of Climate 200 and Voices group as @Insider alluded to. Andrew Wilkie counts as a teal, according to Climate 200, even though he is a male and he flipped a Labor seat and his seat isn’t even affluent.
Larissa Penn is not a teal candidate. She’s not even on the Climate 200 website. The independents next door in Lane Cove, North Shore and Manly are Climate 200-endorsed teals.
@insider conservatives dont pretend to be left leaning (as far as I know) I never stated she was a teal i simply answeed hughies question. some independants are not teals correct. @votante i would argue hes not a teal. hes clearly independant and gets elected on his own vote and doesnt fake his position to get elected. i think he regretted backing gillard in 2010
Agree Andrew Willkie is not a Teal – to say so is a nonsense.
🙂 – you’ve got several people on here stating that Penn is a conservative pretending to be left learning. It’s not just me.
whats the evidence?
Ask Hughie
Check out some of the earlier commenters in this thread. It’s not just me saying she has some fairly socially conservative views on some issues, it’s others saying it too.
so youve proved shes a conservtive what about the shes allegedly pretending to be a leftie
Have you seen her flyer delivered around the electorate. She basically copied the ALP Platform
Yea I don’t live there
@insider I have seen surprisingly little campaign literature for Willoughby this time. I saw the postal vote form that Tim James sent out but that was because I was working from home, waiting for a repairman to fix the air conditioning. We got two flyers for Sarah Griffin but I don’t remember seeing one for Larissa Penn. I also think there are fewer campaign signs for candidates compared to the federal election. Labor signs tend to be on the front gates of private homes (probably hard to arrange as so many houses have hedges instead of fences) whereas the Libs tend to have them at both houses, or at shops or petrol stations. Penn has plenty of supporters who live on the corners of busy roads! If I were on the Labor campaign, I would suggest approaching the manager of the Quadrangle complex at Castlecrag to see if they would take a Griffin sign in one of the empty shops that look out over Eastern Valley Way – there are Penn and James signs there side by side now.
HQ are feeling a bit more confident around Willoughby
AE Forecasts – LIB 3.4%
Sportsbet – $1.60 LIB
TAB – $1.55 LIB
Based on these numbers, you would think that one good push from Tim James gets him over the line.
Surely this is a Liberal Retain.
Tim James ahead before the big Chatswood prepoll booth and postals are counted. Can’t see how Larissa wins this.
Yes, this is a Liberal retain. A very interesting result!
If you compare the booth 2CP results at the by-election with Saturday’s results, what you get is two patterns emerging.
In the wealthier south of the electorate, closer to the dreaded Beaches Link Tunnel, James actually improved his vote. Big swings to him on 2CP in the two Northbridge booths, and smaller swings on 2CP to him in plenty of booths close to the planned tunnel – Anzac Park, Artarmon Community Centre, Cammeray Public School, Castlecrag, Naremburn Community Centre.
Away from the tunnel areas though, and the vote looked a lot like a normal anti-Government swing at a change-of-government election. Big swings against James on 2CP at Artarmon Public School, Civic Pavilion, St Barnabas’ Roseville, Chatswood High School.
My thesis is that James won points for trying hard as MP for the previous twelve months, and gained small bits of ground in some parts, and a lot in Northbridge. But in the areas near high density buildings and railway stations, Labor did very well and the Liberal copped big swings against.
Note also the high Labor exhaustion rate, and the notable Lab 1 Lib 2 preference rate. About a third of Labor voters in the electorate had the option to give their preferences to Penn – and they didn’t. I’m guessing this is due to the large mainland Chinese communities in Chatswood and Artarmon.
Complaints about optional preferential voting from some Penn supporters overlook that if these exhausted ballots instead had to be fully preferential, many (maybe most) of the voters whose votes did exhaust this time would probably have just preferenced Liberal ahead of the Independent. Denying agency to those voters seems strange.
James now on 51.85% 2CP and Antony Green has called it for him.
From my perspective (as a Willoughby local), Penn had limited electoral appeal. She really got the most out of it but she was never going to be strong in the more multicultural, more densely populated areas of Willoughby. An anti-development platform is not going to appeal to these voters and she didn’t even try to get their vote anyway. The ALP beat her in primary votes in 3 Chatswood and 1 Artarmon booths and given how tight the 2CP looks like atm (within 2%), it looks like it was a difference maker.
Tim James got roughly the same PV as he did at the 2022 by-election. I didn’t think Penn would win at the state election but for quite different reasons – I suspected Labor, who didn’t contest the by-election, would split the anti-Liberal vote.
I agree with @SP that her NIMBY, anti-development platform didn’t appeal to the densely-populated north, which is much further away from the controversial tunnel plans. In Chatswood, most people are apartment dwellers, renters, young professionals, or quite mobile and had no plans to stay there for years. Penn had a year to increase her appeal around Chatswood but failed.
She was ahead in the count since Saturday night and for a few moments, I thought she’d win. I commend Penn for coming quite close as a non-teal independent.
As a non-local, I had a similar impression as the above comments. Penn seems to have been the default “non-Coalition” candidate during the by-election and because of the close result at that time warded off any challenges by a teal. But I doubted she would be able to summon enough preferences from Labor/Greens voters by virtue of her policy positions which appears to have been crucial.
Still might have been winnable but uniting the anti-Coalition block during a general election as compared to a by-election was always going to be an uphill battle without having the recognisable “teal” branding. And it appears her campaign infrastructure wasn’t good enough to get past that, although I’m mostly judging off comments here and elsewhere for that.
The TCP’s are up for all seats. Labor got strong preference flows here and this resulted in a 14.8% 2PP swing – I think that is second highest in state behind Kogarah but could be proved wrong. On a 2PP basis the margin is now just 5.9%.
thats distorted though because of exhausted votes it doesnt account for those who would have voted liberal if penn didnt run
Can you post a link to the traditional 2PP figures at this election? Thank you!
Bajoc,
Here’s the link.
https://vtr.elections.nsw.gov.au/SG2301/LA/results
Click on the LA Two Candidate Preferred (LA TCP) column, then choose your two candidates.
@Insider
The North Shore have been giving weird results for Labor lately.
Zbik won Lane Cove Mayorality for Labor
Federal North Sydney having 8% swing on notional 2pp to Labor to give a 1.3% margin
(Labor put in effort here)
Federal Bradfield having 10% swing on notional 2pp to Labor to give a 6.5% margin
(Labor probably DID NOT put in effort here)
Bradfield (Fed.) having the largest anti-Liberal primary swing in the country in 2022 (Though Boele helped with this one)
State Willoughby (on a notional 2pp Labor vs Liberal, i.e. ignore Penn), swinging harder (14.8%) than even Lismore (hence presumably every seat in the state bar Kogarah), with lane Cove and North Shore also swinging quite hard (9-ish%)
@Potatoes
It is distorted both ways
Like you said, some who would have gone Penn -> Liberals on CPV would not have ranked Liberals (or Labor) at all
On the other hand, some who would have gone Penn -> Labor on CPV would not have ranked Labor (or Liberals) at all
potatoes – it could be distorted the other way. 31% of votes exhausted in a Liberal vs Labor count. Perhaps more of those would have voted Labor? I’m pretty sure the margin with OPV is always made to look bigger in favour of the leading candidate on primary, which in this case is Liberal. All the results are very similar to the Federal election, where the result on 2PP is about 51/49.
I actually don’t think 56/44 results is distorted to either side due to exhaustion of only 31% – its about what would have happened under CPV
Leon, what’s so weird about the good folk of the lower(ish) North Shore realising they don’t live in a one party state?
Don’t forget Bradfield and North Sydney had already swung 4.3% in 2019. FYI – Kevin Bonham and I think there is still an uncorrected error in the North Sydney results and the swing was 8.6% and the margin is about 0.7%.
There also an ALP Deputy Labor Mayor and centre left majority on North Sydney Council.
The highest 2PP swing in the state is actually Kiama, with a 2PP swing to Labor of 31.7%.
@Ben
Oh. Then I guess the Gareth Ward voters didn’t preference the parachuted candidate.
If we count Ward as a Liberal then the figure is 11.2% which is still high but is no Lismore/Kogarah
@Ben 31.7% 2PP swing to Labor is a rubbish figure and a Labor 2PP of 69.7% is not what’s going to happen in Ward’s absence. Such a massive 2PP swing to Labor occurred because a large number of 2019 Liberal voters who voted for Gareth Ward as an independent this time followed Ward’s 1-only HTV recommendation and didn’t preference the Liberal Party.